Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Trauma
What are DVT and PE?
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, most often in the veins in the legs or pelvis. DVTs alone are not life threatening. If the clot breaks free and moves to the lungs, it can lodge in vessels there. This is called a pulmonary embolism. A PE is dangerous and can be life-threatening. The risk of developing a PE is fairly low.
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Risk Factors
- Increased age
- Surgery
- Fracture of pelvis, hip or leg
- Cardiac problems
- Obesity
- Birth control pills
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Prior DVT
- Little activity
- Blood clotting disorders
- Diabetes
- Smoking
Prevention
When in the hospital, we work to prevent you from getting a DVT or a PE. You may be asked to wear compression stockings, leg pumps or foot pumps during your stay. These help to maximize blood flow in your legs and decrease your chance of getting a blood clot. If you are able, you may also be asked to walk regularly or do range of motion exercises in order to help your circulation. Your doctor may prescribe a medication for you that is a blood thinner. This medication is usually given as an injection into your abdomen or the back of your arm.
Signs and Symptoms of DVT
Pain or tenderness may be present in the area where a clot has formed. Some patients may experience swelling, redness, warmth, or discoloration of the affected area.
Signs and Symptoms of PE
Chest pain, shortness of breath, a rapid pulse and/or rapid breathing are may occur with a PE. Some patients may also experience a low grade fever or cough.
Diagnosis
A DVT is diagnosed by physical exam, or by an ultrasound. A PE is diagnosed by physical exam, chest xray, CT scan, or MRI scan.
Treatment
DVT’s are usually treated with medicines such as blood thinners. Blood thinners will help to prevent a clot from getting bigger and new clots from forming. Compression stockings are often used to help the circulation while the clot dissolves. Elevating the affected limb will also help to decrease swelling as the clot dissolves. Some patients may get a filter surgically placed into a vessel that will prevent an existing DVT from being able to travel to the lung.
The information provided should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
Last Updated: 09/18/2012
Copyright © 09/18/2012 University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority. All rights reserved. Produced by the Department of Nursing. HF#6699
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